Information de reference pour ce titreAccession Number: | 00060993-200910000-00009.
|
Author: | Due, Pernille 1; Damsgaard, Mogens Trab 2; Lund, Rikke 2; Holstein, Bjorn E. 2
|
Institution: | (1)National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark (2)Institute of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
|
Title: | Is bullying equally harmful for rich and poor children?: a study of bullying and depression from age 15 to 27*.[Miscellaneous Article]
|
Source: | European Journal of Public Health. 19(5):464-469, October 2009.
|
Abstract: | Background: Exposure to bullying in childhood and adolescence is harmful to health, well-being and social competence of the victim. However, little is known about the long-term consequences of bullying victimization. In this paper, we use a longitudinal study from age 15 to 27 to examine whether childhood socioeconomic position (CSP) modifies the association between exposure to bullying in childhood and symptoms of depression in young adulthood.
Methods: Nationally representative baseline sample in 1990 (n=847), followed up 2002 (n=614). We used multivariate analyses of variance to examine the influence of bullying on symptoms of depression at age 27.
Results: Analyses showed that exposure to bullying, low CSP and female gender significantly increased the risk of depression in young adulthood. There was a statistically significant interaction between bullying and CSP, so that bullying increased the risk of depression for people from low CSP, while there was only a weak association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms for people from more affluent childhood socioeconomic backgrounds. The same pattern was found for analyses stratified by sex.
Conclusion: Our study suggests that the effects of bullying may have more serious long-term implications on health for children from less affluent backgrounds. Our study points at bullying exposure as another pathway through which social adversity in childhood influences social inequalities in adult health. Political efforts are needed to improve norms and legislations about how to treat children and more specific interventions should take place in schools to reduce the exposure to bullying.
(C) European Journal of Public Health 2009. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved.
|
Author Keywords: | bullying; childhood socioeconomic factors; depressive symptoms; longitudinal study.
|
References: | 1 Lopez AD, Mathers CD. Measuring the global burden of disease and epidemiological transitions: 2002-2030. Ann Trop Med Parasitol (2006) 100:481-99.
2 Zisook S, Lesser I, Stewart JW, et al. Effect of age at onset on the course of major depressive disorder. Am J Psychiatry (2007) 164:1539-46.
3 Pine DS, Cohen P, Gurley D, et al. The risk for early-adulthood anxiety and depressive disorders in adolescents with anxiety and depressive disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry (1998) 55:56-64.
4 Dohrenwend BP, Levav I, Shrout PE, et al. Socioeconomic status and psychiatric disorders: the causation-selection issue. Science (1992) 255:946-952.
5 Due P, Holstein BE, Lynch J, et al. Bullying and symptoms among school-aged children: international comparative cross sectional study in 28 countries. Eur J Public Health (2005) 15:128-32.
6 Due P, Holstein BE. Bullying victimization among 13 to 15 year old school children: results from two comparative studies in 66 countries and regions. Int J Adolesc Health Med (2008) 20:208-21.
7 Hawker DSJ, Boulton MJ. Twenty years' research on peer victimization and psychological maladjustment: a meta-analytic review of cross-sectional studies. J Child Psychol Psychiat (2000) 41:441-55.
8 Nordhagen R, Nielsen A, Stigum H, Kohler L. Parental reported bullying among Nordic children: a population-based study. Child Care Health Dev (2005) 31:693-701.
9 Salmon G, James A, Smith DM. Bullying in school: self reported anxiety, depression, and self esteem in secondary school children. Br Med J (1998) 317:924-5.
10 Kumpulainen K, Rasanen E, Henttonen I, et al. Bullying and psychiatric symptoms among elementary school-age children. Child Abuse Negl (1998) 22:705-17.
11 Kaltiala-Heino R, Rimpela M, Marttunen M, et al. Bullying, depression, and suicidal ideation in Finnish adolescents: school survey. Br Med J (1999) 319:348-51.
12 Due EP, Holstein BE, Jorgensen PS. Mobning som sundhedstrussel blandt skoleelever. [Bullying as health hazard among school children]. Ugeskr Laeger (1999) 161:2201-6.
13 Sourander A, Helstela L, Helenius H, Piha J. Persistence of bullying from childhood to adolescence-a longitudinal 8-year follow-up study. Child Abuse Negl (2000) 24:873-81.
14 Kumpulainen K, Rasanen E, Henttonen I. Children involved in bullying: psychological disturbance and the persistence of the involvement. Child Abuse Negl (1999) 23:1253-62.
15 Kaltiala-Heino R, Rimpela M, Rantanen P, Rimpela A. Bullying at school-an indicator of adolescents at risk for mental disorders. J Adolesc (2000) 23:661-74.
16 Fekkes M, Pijpers FI, Verloove-Vanhorick SP. Bullying behavior and associations with psychosomatic complaints and depression in victims. J Pediatr (2004) 144:17-22.
17 Kshirsagar VY, Agarwal R, Bavdekar SB. Bullying in Schools: Prevalence and Short-term Impact. Indian Pediatr (2007) 44:25-8.
18 Liang H, Flisher AJ, Lombardc CJ. Bullying, violence, and risk behavior in South African school students. Child Abuse Negl (2007) 31:161-71.
19 Kumpulainen K, Rasanen E. Children involved in bullying at elementary school age: their psychiatric symptoms and deviance in adolescence. Child Abuse Negl (2000) 24:1567-77.
20 Arseneault L, Walsh E, Trzesniewski K, et al. Bullying victimization uniquely contributes to adjustment problems in young children: a nationally representative cohort study. Pediatrics (2006) 118:130-38.
21 Fekkes M, Pijpers FIM, Fredriks AM, et al. Do bullied children get ill, or do ill children get bullied? A prospective cohort study on the relationship between bullying and health-related symptoms. Pediatrics (2006) 117:1568-1574.
22 Bond L, Carlin JB, Thomas L, et al. Does bullying cause emotional problems? A prospective study of young teenagers. Br Med J (2001) 323:480-84.
23 Kim YS, Leventhal BL, Koh Y-J, Boyce T. School bullying and youth violence. Causes or consequences of psychopathological behaviour. Arch Gen Psychiatry (2006) 63:1035-41.
24 Rigby K. Peer victimization at school and the health of secondary school students. Br J Educ Psychol (1999) 69:95-104.
25 Olweus D. Bullying at school: what we know and what we can do (1993) Oxford: Blackwell Publishers.
26 Sourander A, Jensen P, Ronning JA, et al. What is the early adulthood outcome of boys who bully or are bullied in childhood? The Finnish "From a Boy to a Man" Study. Pediatrics (2007) 120:397-404.
27 Haavisto A, Sourander A, Multimaki P, et al. Factors associated with depressive symptoms among 18-year-old boys: a prospective 10-year follow-up study. J Affect Disord (2004) 83:143-54.
28 Klomek B, Sourander A, Kumpulainen K, et al. Childhood bullying as a risk for later depression and suicidal ideation among Finnish males. J Affect Disord (2008) doi:10.1016/j.jad,2007.12.226.
29 Roth DA, Coles ME, Heimberg RG. The relationship between memories for childhood teasing and anxiety and depression in adulthood. J Anxiety Disord (2002) 16:149-64.
30 Lund R, Nielsen KK, Hansen DH, et al. Exposure to bullying at school and depression in adulthood: a study of Danish men born in 1953. Eur J Public Health (2008) doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckn101.
31 Lorant V, Deliege D, Eaton W, et al. Socioeconomic inequalities in depression: a meta-analysis. Am J Epidemiol (2003) 157:98-112.
32 Dekker MC, Ferdinand RF, van Lang ND, et al. Developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms from early childhood to late adolescence: gender differences and adult outcome. J Child Psychol Psychiatry (2007) 48:657-66.
33 Diderichsen F, Evans T, Whitehead M. The social basis of disparities in health. In: Evans T, Whitehead M, Diderichsen F, et al. editors. In: Challenging inequalities in health. From ethics to action (2001) Oxford: Oxford University Press. 13-23.
34 Due P, Merlo J, Harel-Fisch Y, et al. Social inequality in bullying victimisation in adolescence: International Comparative Cross Sectional Multilevel Study in 35 Countries and Regions. Am J Public Health (2009) 99:907-14.
35 Due P, Holstein BE, Lund R, et al. Social relations: network, support and relational strain. Soc Sci Med (1999) 48:661-73.
36 Bech P, Rasmussen NA, Olsen LR, et al. The sensitivity and specificity of the Major Depression Inventory, using the Present State Examination as the index of diagnostic validity. J Affect Disord (2001) 66:159-64.
37 Olweus D. The revised Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire. In: Mimeo (1996) Research Center for Health Promotion (HEMIL), University of Bergen, N-5015 Bergen, Norway.
38 Rivers I. Retrospective reports of school bullying: Stability of recall and its implications for research. British J Dev Psycs (2001) 19:129-41.
39 Kendlers KS, Thornton LM, Gardner CO. Stressful life events and previous episodes in the etiology of major depression in women: an evaluation of the "kindling" hypotheses. Am J Psychiatry. 157:1243-51.
40 Vaillancourt T, Duku E, Decantazaro D, et al. Variation in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity among bullied and non-bullied children. Aggr Beh (2007) 34:1-12.
|
Language: | English.
|
Document Type: | Socioeconomic Inequalities.
|
Journal Subset: | Health Professions.
|
ISSN: | 1101-1262
|
NLM Journal Code: | d0w, 9204966
|
Annotation(s) | |
|
|